Aliakbar Noroozi; Morteza Miri; Davoud Nikkami; Tayeb Razi; Amir Sarreshtehdari; Ziaedin Shoaei
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the oak forest dieback with respect to drought occurrence, soil moisture changes and dust occurrences factors in Ilam, Kermanshah, Lorestan and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces of Iran. The data used were field surveys collected through GPS, MODIS satellite ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the oak forest dieback with respect to drought occurrence, soil moisture changes and dust occurrences factors in Ilam, Kermanshah, Lorestan and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces of Iran. The data used were field surveys collected through GPS, MODIS satellite imagery, GLDAS Soil Moisture, dust and precipitation data of the meteorological stations of the provinces during an 18-years period (2000-2017). The results of the study of greenness values of the forests in the study area showed that the first decline occurred in 2005 and repeated more severely with much wider spatial extent in 2008. Investigation of the relationship between drought events and its spatial and temporal variations with the changes in forests greenness of the study area showed that the reduction in precipitation amount is one of the main reasons for forest greenness reduction in the study area. The increased frequency of periods of rainfall shortage and drought duration, especially at 9 and 12-month time scales, showed a significant relationship between drought occurrences and forests greenness in the study area. The results indicated that by decreasing precipitation drought periods increased, soil moisture decreased, and dust storm occurrences increased. As a result, in most of the years, with decreasing soil moisture and increasing dust storms, the forests greenness of the study area has decreased and vis versa. Therefore, there is a direct relationship between soil moisture and forest greenness while an inverse relationship exists between dust and forest greenness.
Amir Sarreshtehdari; Amin Salehpour Jam; Mohammad Jafar Soltani; Aliakbar Noroozi; Alireza Shademani; Masoud kherkhah zarkesh
Abstract
Determining the effectiveness of flood spreading schemes, especially from the point of view of effective economic and social indicators, over a quarter century after their implementation in the country, plays an important role in their assessment. In this study, indicators related to the effects of flood ...
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Determining the effectiveness of flood spreading schemes, especially from the point of view of effective economic and social indicators, over a quarter century after their implementation in the country, plays an important role in their assessment. In this study, indicators related to the effects of flood spreading plans on Ab-Barik Aquifer of Bam were identified and then ranked based on nonparametric statistical tests from the experts' point of view. For this purpose, first the indicators related to the effects of flood spreading projects on the aquifer based on library studies, expert inquiries as well as site visits and face-to-face interviews with local residents and users were identified and finally the validity of the questionnaire based on expert opinions was identified. Finally, the validity of the questionnaire based on the experts' opinions and their comments was finally confirmed. Also, the reliability of the measuring instrument was tested by calculating Cronbach's alpha component. In this research, based on the multi-response coding method, the variables of the questionnaire were of the type of qualitative and qualitative variables consistent with the Likert scale, so at this stage, a survey was conducted from 30 experts. The range of changes in mean rank values varies from 4.15 to 22.88. The results of the ranking of indices based on Friedman test showed a significant difference in the effectiveness of the effective variables in evaluating flood spreading projects on aquifer, so that the question of “reducing the damage to flood lands and gardens” with the rank mean of 22.88 and also the question of “conflicting among the villagers in the area” with the rank mean of 4.15 have maximum and minimum priority, respectively. In addition, the results of the study indicate the high effectiveness of flood spreading schemes in the Ab-Barik Aquifer of Bam.
Mohammadjafar Soltani; Amir Sarreshtehdari; Samad Shadfar
Abstract
Inadequate temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation in arid and semi-arid regions, cause destructive floods in addition to loss of surface runoff. Therefore, controlling surface runoff and its proper utilization through the construction of rainwater catchment systems can be a good way to prevent ...
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Inadequate temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation in arid and semi-arid regions, cause destructive floods in addition to loss of surface runoff. Therefore, controlling surface runoff and its proper utilization through the construction of rainwater catchment systems can be a good way to prevent water loss. Traditional methods may be time wasting and concise. Geographic information systems provide new methods and models of using huge number of maps and data for analysis in a short time with best results and conciseness. This project was implemented in Kan Basin as a pilot which covers an area about 197 km2. Different maps including slope, land use, precipitation, vegetation cover, soil hydrologic groups and geology were overlayed. Land use maps were extracted from ETM+ 8 satellite images of 2014 along with field controls. Then layers were weighted according to their importance and role of each map. Suitable areas for establishing rainwater catchment systems in each model were determined by overlaying in the frameworks of different models including Boolean logic, Index overlay and Fuzzy logic and compared with control points which were implemented with Ministry of Jihad Agriculture. The results showed that the operators gamma=0.2, gamma=0.3 and Product from Fuzzy logic model had the most overlap with the control areas, the best integrated model for determining the appropriate locations for the construction of rainwater catchment systems in the study region.
Amin Salehpour Jam; Hamid Reza Peyrowan; Mahmoud Reza Tabatabaei; Amir Sarreshtehdari; Jamal Mosaffaie
Abstract
The desertification process, by reducing the biological production potential, leads to the destruction of ecosystems. In this research, to assess the role of edaphic factors on desertification in rangelands surrounding Eshtehard, Halgh-e-Darreh highlands, first, the map of units was created by crossing ...
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The desertification process, by reducing the biological production potential, leads to the destruction of ecosystems. In this research, to assess the role of edaphic factors on desertification in rangelands surrounding Eshtehard, Halgh-e-Darreh highlands, first, the map of units was created by crossing maps of slope classes, land uses, and geology using ArcGIS 10.3 software. Three indices of erodibility, salinity and permeability for each land unit were considered and classified. 185 and 179 samples were taken during 2018 and 2019 for indices of salinity and permeability for zoning of the study area, respectively. Then, weights of indices and consistency ratio were calculated by the AHP method. Method of multicriteria optimization and compromise solution, VIKOR method was used to prioritize the alternatives. After calculating the weighted normalized values, priority was given to desertification potential of the units. Also, the results of AHP showed that from the experts' point of view, salinity is the most important factor in desertification. Other factors such as susceptibility to erosion and permeability coefficient are in the next rank order, respectively. The AHP-VIKOR model has very high degree of adaptation to the corresponding classes in the control map. The percentage of compliance and non-compliance of the classes of the potential of desertification risk were 92.91% and 7.09%, respectively. The range of changes of Vikor index based on AHP-VIKOR method varies from 0.443 to 0.967. Accordingly, the study area has three classes of potential or severity of desertification areally 0.5% moderate, 7.06% high and 92.43% very high class respectively.
Amin Salehpour Jam; Fahimeh Rasooli; Amir Sarreshtehdari; Jamal Mosaffaie; Mohammad Kia Kianian
Abstract
People participation in the implementation of natural resources practices is one of the approeches that ensure the fulfillment of the goals and success of the projects. In this study, based on expert experience and different projects of natural resources implemented in watershed area surrounding city ...
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People participation in the implementation of natural resources practices is one of the approeches that ensure the fulfillment of the goals and success of the projects. In this study, based on expert experience and different projects of natural resources implemented in watershed area surrounding city of Tehran, the preventing social indices and sub-indices affecting on people participation were recognized and determined into three indices and 10 sub-indices. Obtained results from prioritizing effective social indices on preventing people participation in natural resources plans based on obtained weights from AHP method and expert questionary indicate that “unfavorable behaviorial indices” with weight of 0.623 and “unfavorable demographic indices” with weight of 0.130 have respectively maximum and minimum priorities, in the manner that prioritization of indices based on weights from maximum to minimum importance are “unfavorable behaviorial indices”, “cultural problems” and “unfavorable demographic indices”.Obtained results from prioritizing effective sub-indices based on expert questionary and the Kendalls' W rank test indicate that sub-indices have different roles on preventing people participation in natural resources plans, in the manner that the indices of “shortage of people trust in considering their ideas” with rank mean of 6.80 and “being low literacy and knowledge” with rank mean of 3.16 have respectively maximum and minimum priorities. The results also show that the index of “shortage of people trust” has the most priority as a preventing factor affecting on people participation, in the manner that two sub-indices of “shortage of people trust in considering their ideas” and “shortage of trust to continue projects”are two first priorities, respectively. Sub-indices of “shortage of young people in villages” from index of “unfavorable demographic indices” and also “being low or lack of culture of participation” from index of “cultural problems” were ranked as the most important social sub-indices.
Amin Salehpour Jam; amir sar reshtedari
Abstract
Investigation of desertification trend needs an understanding of phenomena creating changes alone or action and reaction together in the manner that these changes end up in land degradation and desertification. In investigating pedological criterion affecting on land degradation in alluvial fans, first, ...
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Investigation of desertification trend needs an understanding of phenomena creating changes alone or action and reaction together in the manner that these changes end up in land degradation and desertification. In investigating pedological criterion affecting on land degradation in alluvial fans, first, maps of slope classes, land use and geology were created, then a map of units was founded by overlaying and crossing these maps and grid layer created by extension of ET GeoWizards in ArcGIS 10.3 software. In this research, three indices of erodibility, salinity and permeability of soil were considered, finally each was shown in the shape of classified map. Then, weights of criteria and consistency ratio were calculated by AHP method. In this research, VIKOR method was used to prioritize the options. Results showed that the VIKOR index obtained from AHP-VIKOR technique alters from 0.002 to 1.000. Units of V1 and V10 with VIKOR indices of 1.000 and 0.002 have a maximum and minimum of desertification potential, respectively. The alluvial fans in research area were classified in two classes of I and IV from the view point of pedological criterion affecting on desertification using AHP-VIKOR technique, in the manner that 74.18 % of the area is in the low desertification potential, and 25.82 % is in the very high desertification potential, respectively.
Amin Salehpour Jam; Mahmoudreza Tabatabaei; Amir Sarreshtehdari; Jamal Mosaffaie
Abstract
Investigation of drought event has a great importance in the natural resources management and planning water resources management. In this research, the drought characteristics in the selected synoptic stations in northwest of Iran, including Ardebil, Khoy, Oroomieh, Tabriz, Zanjan, Sanandaj and Saghez ...
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Investigation of drought event has a great importance in the natural resources management and planning water resources management. In this research, the drought characteristics in the selected synoptic stations in northwest of Iran, including Ardebil, Khoy, Oroomieh, Tabriz, Zanjan, Sanandaj and Saghez were investigated using the Deciles Index. First, after rebuilding monthly missing data in the period of 1977-2014, time series of precipitation in each station normalized using Box-Cox Transformation. Then, the Deciles Index in different time scales of monthly, seasonal and yearly was calculated based on the normalized monthly precipitation of stations in the period of 1977-2014 by MATLAB and DIP softwares. Then, the drought characteristics, including intensity, duration and frequency were calculated in each synoptic station. In this research, to find the trend of precipitation in the 38 years, 1977-2014, First, trends of the selected stations were determined using Mann-Kendall trend test at the different time scales of the 19 year period, 1977-1995, then compared with trend of the 38 years and finally, determined the changes of the mean precipitation values in two subsequent periods, 1977-1995 and 1996-2014. Obtained results show that the mean annual precipitation at the all stations was decreased in the second period than base period. The results also show that the drought occurrence with different intensity, duration and frequency occurred in selected synoptic stations in northwest of Iran. The results also indicate that there is the decreasing trend of precipitation at the synoptic stations of Saghez and Sanandaj in yearly time scales. Although the stations of Saghez and Zanjan have no trend in the period of 1977-1995, they have decreasing and increasing trends in some time scales in the period of 1977-2014.
Amin Salehpour Jam; Amir Sarreshtehdari; Mahmoudreza Tabatabaei
Abstract
Consciousness of preventing factors affecting on stakeholder participation in watershed areas' plans is a main principle in realization of effective participation of stakeholder and obtaining integrated watershed management goals. There are twelve watershed areas surrounding the city of Tehran that their ...
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Consciousness of preventing factors affecting on stakeholder participation in watershed areas' plans is a main principle in realization of effective participation of stakeholder and obtaining integrated watershed management goals. There are twelve watershed areas surrounding the city of Tehran that their runoff influence on northern and northeast parts of Tehran. Different factors can prevent stakeholder' participation that they have been classified into economic, social, human and planning indices. Obtained results from prioritizing effective indices on preventing stakeholder' participation in watershed plans based on obtained weights from Fuzzy-AHP method and questionary data obtained from Administration of Natural Resources and Watershed Management and its branches indicate that economic and human indices have respectively maximum and minimum priorities, in the manner that prioritization of indices based on normalized weights from maximum to minimum importance are economic, planning, social and finally human, respectively. In this research, preventing sub-indices affecting on stakeholder' participation in watershed area´s plans were created based on library studies, expert ideas and also interviewing with 240 residences and finally the validity of questionary was verified based on expert ideas. Obtained results with ranking sub-indices based on the Friedman test show that sub-indices have different roles in preventing stakeholder' participation in watershed plans, in the manner that “ignoring people´s income as a direct economic motivation” with mean rank of 10.77 and “being low literacy and knowledge” with mean rank of 1.80 have a maximum and minimum of mean rank, respectively. In this research, sub-indices of “ignoring people´s income as a direct economic motivation” from economic index, “concentration of decision making power in center” from planning index, “shortage of trust to project results” from social index and finally “shortage of education of watershed residents about plants and their purposes” from human index were ranked as the most important sub-indices.
